this is me this is real
i’m not taking another selfy you all have to deal with this for tonight
if there’s something you need to remember and never forget it would definitely be to always watch out for
LMS IF GLEE RUINED THE ROCKY HORROR PICTURE SHOW AND YOU’RE MAD AS HELL AND YOU’RE NOT GOING TO TAKE IT ANYMORE
Alteration of two genes, detectable by simple blood test during pregnancy, foretold illness with 85 percent certainty in small study
Johns Hopkins researchers say they have discovered specific chemical alterations in two genes that, when present during pregnancy, reliably predict whether a woman will develop postpartum depression.
The epigenetic modifications, which alter the way genes function without changing the underlying DNA sequence, can apparently be detected in the blood of pregnant women during any trimester, potentially providing a simple way to foretell depression in the weeks after giving birth, and an opportunity to intervene before symptoms become debilitating.
The findings of the small study involving 52 pregnant women are described online in the journal Molecular Psychiatry.
“Postpartum depression can be harmful to both mother and child,” says study leader Zachary Kaminsky, Ph.D., an assistant professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. “But we don’t have a reliable way to screen for the condition before it causes harm, and a test like this could be that way.”
It is not clear what causes postpartum depression, a condition marked by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, exhaustion and anxiety that begins within four weeks of childbirth and can last weeks, several months or up to a year. An estimated 10 to 18 percent of all new mothers develop the condition, and the rate rises to 30 to 35 percent among women with previously diagnosed mood disorders. Scientists long believed the symptoms were related to the large drop-off in the mother’s estrogen levels following childbirth, but studies have shown that both depressed and nondepressed women have similar estrogen levels.
By studying mice, the Johns Hopkins researchers suspected that estrogen induced epigenetic changes in cells in the hippocampus, a part of the brain that governs mood. Kaminsky and his team then created a complicated statistical model to find the candidate genes most likely undergoing those epigenetic changes, which could be potential predictors for postpartum depression. That process resulted in the identification of two genes, known as TTC9B and HP1BP3, about which little is known save for their involvement in hippocampal activity.
Kaminsky says the genes in question may have something to do with the creation of new cells in the hippocampus and the ability of the brain to reorganize and adapt in the face of new environments — two elements important in mood. In some ways, he says, estrogen can behave like an antidepressant, so that when inhibited, it adversely affects mood.
The researchers later confirmed their findings in humans by looking for epigenetic changes to thousands of genes in blood samples from 52 pregnant women with mood disorders. Jennifer L. Payne, M.D., director of the Johns Hopkins Women’s Mood Disorders Center, collected the blood samples. The women were followed both during and after pregnancy to see who developed postpartum depression.
The researchers noticed that women who developed postpartum depression exhibited stronger epigenetic changes in those genes that are most responsive to estrogen, suggesting that these women are more sensitive to the hormone’s effects. Specifically, two genes were most highly correlated with the development of postpartum depression. TTC9B and HP1BP3 predicted with 85 percent certainty which women became ill.
“We were pretty surprised by how well the genes were correlated with postpartum depression,” Kaminsky says. “With more research, this could prove to be a powerful tool.”
Kaminsky says the next step in research would be to collect blood samples from a larger group of pregnant women and follow them for a longer period of time. He also says it would be useful to examine whether the same epigenetic changes are present in the offspring of women who develop postpartum depression.
Evidence suggests that early identification and treatment of postpartum depression can limit or prevent debilitating effects. Alerting women to the condition’s risk factors — as well as determining whether they have a previous history of the disorder, other mental illness and unusual stress — is key to preventing long-term problems.
Research also shows, Kaminsky says, that postpartum depression not only affects the health and safety of the mother, but also her child’s mental, physical and behavioral health.
Kaminsky says that if his preliminary work pans out, he hopes a blood test for the epigenetic biomarkers could be added to the battery of tests women undergo during pregnancy, and inform decisions about the use of antidepressants during pregnancy. There are concerns, he says, about the effects of these drugs on the fetus and their use must be weighed against the potentially debilitating consequences to both the mother and child of foregoing them.
“If you knew you were likely to develop postpartum depression, your decisions about managing your care could be made more clearly,” he says.
Marine pretending to cheat off a 4th graders math exam. - Phillippines
imperialism
no but this imperialism is cute!!!!
What the fuck are US marines doing in the Philippines…. Get out of there. Get out of everywhere. Go home. No one wants you on their soil.
^^^^ Exactly.
Oh thank god I wasn’t the only one who when I saw this photo circulating around my dash plenty of times this morning how disturbing this photo is.
Like what someone mentioned above how the ever fuckin hell is imperialism ever cute?
Someone explain how this is cute. Especially with the problems of sexualization, fetish, and prostitution among and toward Filipin@s especially around the old U.S. military bases and where U.S. marine magazines actually support the sexualization by writing articles on the Philippines as an exotic, tropical, country with scantily clad women. Then coming to the country to find a Filipina girlfriend and trophy wife to take back with them to the states.
How has U.S. imperialism in the Philippines, which is the country where the U.S. became a new imperialist country when they colonized us, stole our freedom from Spain, called and still do call us insurgents for trying to fight them of our lands after they supposedly “defeated Spain” in a mock war in Intramuros where the Spaniards just surrendered to the Americans because despite they knew how they lost to the Filipin@s fighting them outside those walls they didn’t want to admit defeat to the people they colonized. How in the Philippine-American War shortly after they killed thousands of innocent people men, women, children, and the elderly. Who burned villages, called us “g**ks”, where that racist slur originated from, and “little black n*ggers*. Where they did torture methods such as the water cure torture, and when they set up schools with white Americans to come to the Philippines and force them to learn English, often reprimanding the children if they spoke their native language, and writing textbooks that hid the atrocities done to us so they would make it like the U.S. was “our savior”, which was one reason why we were colonized anyway because they wanted to “save us from ourselves”. And so many other shit that the U.S. has done, still does.
You may find this picture cute but that isn’t cute.
You know what I see? I just see a photo that supports the problem of the U.S. military in the Philippines and hell, all of Asia and the Pacific region really.
Let me make this clear.
We. Don’t. Want. The. U.S. In. The. Philippines.
They have done plenty of shit to us in the past and still do.
Just get the hell out of our country and the rest of Asia.
SO THIS GUY IN MY ENGLISH IS DOING A PROJECT FOR BIO WHERE HE GETS A DUCKLING TO IMPRINT ON HIM SO HE JUST CARRIES IT AROUND WITH HIM TO ALL OF HIS CLASSES AND I SWEAR THIS DUCK IS THE MOST WELL BEHAVED FUCKING POULTRY IVE EVER SEEN IT JUST SITS ON HIS DESK QUIETLY AND SOMETIMES HE PUTS IT IN HIS POCKET AND IT JUST SLEEPS LIKE WOW YOU GO DUCKY
